Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmasters page for free fun content. Mar 25, 2015 the male urethra connects the urinary bladder to the penis. This note briefly describes about the gross anatomy of male and female urethra along with its blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation. Reproductive system males females testes gonads ovaries epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory duct penile urethra ducts internal genitalia fallopian tube uterine tube or oviduct uterus vagina glans penis head penis body or shaft scrotum external genitalia glans clitoris labia majora labia minora function of gonads 1. Anatomy and function of the male urogenital system lecturio. The spongy urethra cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum of the penis.
The vulva, which is the external genitalia of the female, collectively consists of the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibule, greater bartholin and lesser vestibular glands, and vaginal opening introitus. The following new insights into the development of the anterior urethra could be established. The bladder develops from the upper part of the urogenital sinus ugs and is connected with the allantois. Germ cells originate from yolk sac of embryo parent. General consideration urethra is the terminal part of the urinary tract and conducts urine from bladder to exterior.
Textbook of clinical embryology edited by kevin coward october 20. The rest of prostatic urethra and membranous urethra are. The urethra is the vessel responsible for transporting urine from the bladder to an external opening in the perineum it is lined by stratified columnar epithelium, which is protected from the corrosive urine by mucus secreting glands in this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the male and female urethra their anatomical course, neurovascular supply, and any clinical. Zone 1 is a central zone surrounding the prostatic urethra. The study documented the actual fusion point of the spongy urethra point e. What are the stages of human embryology and gestation.
This is the major site of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which often results in constriction of the urethra early in its course. Although the male urethra is a single structure, it is composed of a heterogeneous series of segments. Between weeks four and five of fetal life, the cloaca is separated from the amniotic cavity by the cloacal membrane. A region of intermediate mesoderm, known as the urogenital ridge, gives rise to these structures.
Skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. This article concerning the development of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra gives you a clear structure at hand to see light at the end of the dark and confusing tunnel of embryology. What is the pathway a sperm travels from the testis to the outside of the body. Spongy urethra synonyms, spongy urethra pronunciation, spongy urethra translation, english dictionary definition of spongy urethra. In men, semen also leaves the body through the urethra. It originates from under the inferior fascia of the urogenital.
Dillman the urinary system and the genital system are closely associated embryologically and begin to develop during the fourth week of gestation. The urogenital sinus is the precursor of the bladder and posterior urethra. Pars spongiosa spongy urethra in the spongy body of the penis is the longest section approx. Embryology of the urinary sytem edit edit source bladder and urethra. The paired adult kidneys filter blood, reabsorb water, have endocrine functions and excrete waste.
Because of the differences between male and female genitals, the urethra is slightly different in each gender. A contribution to the development of the prostate in man. In a woman the whole urethra and part of the vagina arise from the pelvic part of the ugs while the phallic part urethral plate forms the vestibule and the labia minora. The structure is approximately 15 cm long and about 6 mm in diameter. Baskin from the departments of urology and pediatrics, university of californiasan francisco childrens medical center, university of. The development of the human prostate gland with reference to the development of other structures at the neck of the urinary bladder. It originates from under the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. In the spongy part of the urethra forms erectile tissue, the penile spongy body, which extends into the glans penis. Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethral stricture diseases. Mammalian reproductive physiology section 1 textbook. Urethra penis development embryology hypospadias purpose. The labia minora develop from the urethral or urogenital folds.
Knowledge of penile embryology and anatomy is essential to any pediatric urologist in order to fully understand and treat congenital anomalies. The cloaca is divided into the urogenital sinus and the hindgut by the urorectal septum, which descends in a rostraltocaudal fashion fig. Both develop from a common mesodermal ridge intermediate mesoderm along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The wall of the urinary bladder is composed of layers of smooth muscle and in the male has close anatomical relationship with the prostate gland. C, in females, the genital tubercle bends inferiorly to form the clitoris, and the urogenital folds remain separated to. Development of the human anterior urethra sciencedirect. How do hormones regulate the function of the reproductive organs. Above it the two cavernous bodies complete the penile erectile system. The anatomy, histology and development of the penis. Embryology, anatomy, and variants of the genitourinary tract mary p. The urethra is a tube responsible for allowing urine to leave the body as it empties from the bladder. The sections distal to it would show the gradual steps of fusion point d and sections proximal to it would show an immediately fused urethra point f.
The prostate is perforated by the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts. Once the bladder becomes full, urine flows through the urethra and leaves the body at the urethral meatus, which is located at tip of. The distal urethra is formed by canalization of a solid endodermal extension of the urethral plate into the glans. Hutchins from the department of art as applied to medicine and the autopsy pathology division of the department of pathology, the johns hopkins medical institutions, baltimore, maryland abstract to further our understanding of the development of the anterior urethra a.
Department of embryology, college of medicine, texila american. Anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and nephron duration. Embryology, anatomy, and variants of the genitourinary tract. In this way, histological sections of a single embryo during active development can show. Urethra is the terminal part of the urinary tract and conducts urine from bladder to exterior. The ejaculatory ducts pass obliquely downward and forward through the posterior part of the prostate, and open into the prostatic portion of the urethra. However, the urinary system develops ahead of the reproductive system. Malformations related to the ascent of the kidneys. Both develop from a common mesodermal ridge intermediate mesoderm along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, initially the excretory ducts of both systems enter a. This is a video explaining the embryology od the urinary system as per alexandria faculty of medicine curriculum. Embryology exam 4 1what is the first sign of cardiac development. In this way an epithelial plate is formed, located in the ventral midline, that is in continuity with the cloacal membrane. It develops endodermal outgrowths into the surrounding mesoderm to form the urethral and paraurethral glands. During the 4th to the 7th weeks of development, the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus anteriorly and the anal canal posteriorly.
Sex differentiation of the external genitalia occurs. The y chromosome initiates male differentiation through the sry gene, which triggers testicular development. In the male, the urethral folds ultimately fuse, enclosing the penile or spongy urethra. Differentiated stage of the male genitalia embryology. Controversy persists regarding the formation of human penile urethra. It spreads to the external urethral orifice from the end point of the membranous part of the male urethra. The waste in the form of urine for excretion, collects initially in the renal pelvis and flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder. In a man the prostate and membranous part of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of the ugs while the spongy urethra comes from the phallic part urethral plate in a woman the whole urethra and part of the vagina arise from the pelvic part of the ugs while the phallic part urethral plate forms the. The internal male genital organs, male germ cells, external male genitals, function of the testis. It is situated within the corpus spongiosum urethra. Development of the urinary system is closely related to the development of the reproductive system. In males, the distal part of the urethra in the glans of the penis arise from a solid cord of ectodermal cells that grows from the tip of the glans penis to meet the spongy urethra which is derived from. Developmental biology the study of the pre and postnatal development of plants and animals and human embryology have converged in a way that now allows a. The male urethra connects the urinary bladder to the penis.
The exact formation of the human urethra within the glans penis is unclear, but examination of human embryos suggests that the solid glans plate canalizes and joins. Develops from the phallic part of the primitive urogenital sinus due to fusion of the two urethral folds except its terminal part within the glans penis, which develops from an ectodermal ingrowths. Developmental biology the study of the pre and postnatal development of plants and animals and human embryology have converged in a way that now allows a deeper understanding of not only the. However, the urethra passing through the glans is formed by canalization of the glandular plate. The male urethra is often divided into 3 segments on the basis of its investing structures. The embryology of the glans may explain the involvement of the external urinary meatus and navicularis tract in ls 9 x 9 barbagli, g.
Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethra. The urethra usually lies along the junction of its anterior with its middle third. The anatomy and embryology of posterior urethral valves. Urogenital system embryologically and anatomically urinary system and genital system are intimately interwoven.
Jun 29, 2016 the male urethra is a narrow fibromuscular tube that conducts urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts, respectively, to the exterior of the body see the image below. The aim of our work was to study sexrelated differences in urethra development in human embryos and early fetuses. It is the caudal part of urogenital sinus and gives rise to the primodium of external genitalia i. It is flattened from side to side, and as the genital tubercle grows, this part of the sinus will be pulled ventrally differs greatly between the two sexes.
Introduction to embryology endometrium it is the inner layer of the uterus composed of 1compact layer 2thick spongy layer 3basal layer has its own blood supply the compact and spongy layers are the functional ones and are shed during. The site of fusion with the pelvic urethra is called the mullerian tubercle the bilaterally fused region of the duct is the uterovaginal canal at the cranial end there is an opening into the coelom that is funnelshaped female reproductive tract from seeley, stephens and tate, 1989. It spreads to the external urethral orifice from the end point of the membranous part of the male urethra spongy urethra location. It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Pdf a lot of controversy continues regarding the development of human penile urethra. The reason that the urethra is involved in ls is still an open issue.
The female urethra is much shorter than its male counterpart. While the cloaca is being divided, the caudal, originally common part of the. The pars spongiosa drains into the ostium urethrae externum at the glans penis, following the extension, fossa navicularis urethrae. The surface ectoderm fuses in the median plane of the penis, forming the penile raphe and enclosing the spongy urethra within the penis. The spongy urethra cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum of the penis it is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Spongy urethra definition of spongy urethra by medical. She reports that over the past two weeks, she has developed dyspareunia and feels as if there is a mass on the external aspect of her vagina. May 02, 2017 development of the kidneyhuman embryology dr rose jose duration. The urethra forms itself from the lower part of the urogenital sinus ugs. The allantois is obliterated during the development and forms a fibrous cord, the urachus, which following birth becomes the median umbilical ligament. The adult ureter is a thickwalled muscular tube, 25 30 cm in length, running from the kidney to the urinary bladder. In this article, we will look at the embryology of the urinary system and its clinical correlations. Sexrelated differences in urethra development in human. Embryonic development of the bladder and urethra wikilectures.
The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus is a narrow canal which in the male gives rise to the prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra. It is the middle narrow part of the sinus which becomes the urethra in the neck of the bladder, and gives rise to the prostatic part of urethra in males and entire urethra in female. Anatomically can be described in two parts the abdominal part pars abdominalis and pelvic part pars pelvina. Duke embryology urogenital development duke university. Suggested readings from langmans medical embryology 11th. Spongy urethra definition of spongy urethra by the free. The formation of the urethra starts with the early adhesion of the arms of the genital tubercle. The glandular plate becomes canalized to form the navicular fossa.
Please take into account that unlike most organ systems that complete organogenesis during the antenatal period, skeletal development is spread out over the gestational period and continues into extrauterine life. The urorectal septum is a layer of mesoderm between the primitive anal canal and the urogenital sinus. Zone 2 is a transition zone that surrounds the central zone and the ejaculatory ducts. Development of the kidneys and the efferent urinary tract. Hutchins from the department of art as applied to medicine and the autopsy pathology division of the department of pathology, the johns hopkins medical institutions, baltimore, maryland abstract to further our understanding of the development of the anterior urethra a series of 38 normal human fetuses ranging from. Mammalian reproductive physiology section 1 textbook of.
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